Study shows how sleeping hours are associated with one’s snacking choices

Study shows how sleeping hours are associated with one’s snacking choices

11.10.2021

A recent study suggests that completing recommended sleeping hours can lead to smarter snacking choices. The study abstract has been published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, and the research will be presented in a poster session on October 18 at the Food and Nutrition Conference and Expo in 2021.

The results suggest that people who miss the recommended seven or more hours of sleep at night may take worse snacks than those who follow closed-eyed guidelines.

The analysis of data on nearly 20,000 American adults showed a link between not meeting sleep recommendations and eating more snack-related carbohydrates, with added sugar, fat and caffeine.

It turns out that the preferred non-meal categories – salty snacks and sweets and non-alcoholic beverages – are the same among adults regardless of sleep habits, but those who get less sleep tend to eat more snack calories in a day in general.

The research also revealed what appears to be a popular American habit that is not affected by how much we sleep: snacking at night.

“At night, we drink our calories and eat a lot of convenience foods,” said Christopher Taylor, professor of medical dietetics at the School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences at Ohio State University and senior author of the study. “Not only are we not sleeping when we stay up late, but we’re doing all these obesity-related behaviours: lack of physical activity, increased screen time, food choices that we consume as snacks and not as meals. So it creates this greater effect. of meeting or not meeting sleep recommendations,” he added.

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society recommends that adults regularly sleep seven hours or longer at night to promote optimal health. Getting less sleep than recommended is associated with a higher risk of a number of health problems, including weight gain and obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. “We know that lack of sleep is associated with obesity on a larger scale, but it’s all these little behaviours that are rooted around how it happens,” Taylor said.

Researchers analysed data from 19,650 US adults between the ages of 20 and 60 who had participated from 2007 to 2018 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study collected 24-hour diet calls from each participant, but when, all food was consumed – and asking people questions about their average amount of night’s sleep during the work week.

The participants were into those who either made or did not meet sleep recommendations based on whether they reported sleeping seven or more hours or less than seven hours each night. The researchers estimated participants’ snack-related nutritional intake and categorised all snacks into food groups. Three snacking times were determined for the analysis: 2: 00-11: 59 am in the morning, noon-5: 59 pm in the afternoon and 6 pm-1: 59 am for the evening. Statistical analysis showed that almost everyone – 95.5 percent – ate at least one snack a day, and over 50 percent of the snacking calories among all participants came from two broad categories that included sodas and energy drinks and chips, pretzels, cookies and pastries.

Although there are plenty of physiological factors that play into the relationship of sleep to health, Taylor said that changing behaviour by avoiding nocturnal nosh could especially help adults not only meet the sleep guidelines but also improve their diet. ANI

சீரடிக்கு 19 மாதங்களாக நிறுத்தப்பட்டிருந்த விமான சேவை துவக்கம்

சீரடிக்கு 19 மாதங்களாக நிறுத்தப்பட்டிருந்த விமான சேவை துவக்கம்

Added : அக் 10, 2021 23:40

சென்னை-கொரோனா மற்றும் ஊரடங்கால், 19 மாதங்களாக நிறுத்தப்பட்டிருந்த சென்னை - சீரடி விமான சேவை நேற்று மீண்டும் துவங்கியது.

மஹாராஷ்டிர மாநிலம் சீரடி சாய்பாபா கோவில் மிகவும் பிரபலமானது. நாட்டின் பல்வேறு பகுதிகளில் இருந்து, விமானம் வாயிலாக பக்தர்கள் அங்கு செல்கின்றனர்.சென்னையில் இருந்து சீரடிக்கு இரண்டு தனியார் விமான நிறுவனங்கள், தினமும் மூன்று விமானங்களை இயக்கி வந்தன. கொரோனா ஊரடங்கால் 2020 மார்ச்சில் இந்த சேவைகள் நிறுத்தப்பட்டன.கொரோனா முதல் அலை ஓய்ந்த நிலையில், சீரடிக்கு விமான சேவை துவங்கும் என்று எதிர்பார்க்கப்பட்டது.

ஆனால், மஹாராஷ்டிர மாநிலத்தில், கொரோனா குறையாததால் விமான சேவை துவங்கவில்லை.தற்போது, மஹாராஷ்டிராவில் கொரோனா பரவல் வெகுவாக குறைந்துள்ளதால், விமானங்களை இயக்க 'ஸ்பைஸ்ஜெட்' நிறுவனம் முன்வந்தது. அதற்கு, சிவில் விமான போக்குவரத்து துறையும் அனுமதி வழங்கியது.

இதையடுத்து, நேற்று பிற்பகல் 2:45 மணிக்கு, 19 மாதங்களுக்கு பின் 165 பயணியருடன் சீரடிக்கு விமானம் புறப்பட்டது. இரண்டு டோஸ் தடுப்பூசி போட்டதற்கான சான்று, 48 மணி நேரத்துக்கு முன் எடுக்கப்பட்ட கொரோனா பரிசோதனை சான்றுகளை சரிபார்த்த பின், பயணியர் அனுமதிக்கப்பட்டனர்.

முன்னணி இன்ஜி., கல்லுாரிகளில் இடம் இல்லை அண்ணா பல்கலையில் தமிழ் வழியும் நிரம்பியது

முன்னணி இன்ஜி., கல்லுாரிகளில் இடம் இல்லை அண்ணா பல்கலையில் தமிழ் வழியும் நிரம்பியது

Added : அக் 10, 2021 23:39

சென்னை- --இன்ஜினியரிங் மாணவர் சேர்க்கை கவுன்சிலிங்கில், அண்ணா பல்கலை உள்ளிட்ட முன்னணி கல்லுாரிகளில், 99 சதவீத இடங்கள் நிரம்பி விட்டன.

இதுவரை நடந்த கவுன்சிலிங்கில், 31 ஆயிரம் பேர் சேர்ந்துள்ளனர். அண்ணா பல்கலை இணைப்பில் உள்ள, ௪௪௦ இன்ஜினியரிங் கல்லுாரிகளில், முதலாம் ஆண்டு பி.இ., - பி.டெக்., படிப்பில், மாணவர்களை சேர்ப்பதற்கான கவுன்சிலிங் நடந்து வருகிறது. இதில், அரசு பள்ளி மாணவர்கள், விளையாட்டு பிரிவினர், மாற்றுத் திறனாளிகள், முன்னாள் ராணுவ வீரர்களுக்கான சிறப்பு ஒதுக்கீட்டில், முதற்கட்டமாக இடங்கள் ஒதுக்கப்பட்டன.

இதையடுத்து, பொது பாடப்பிரிவு மற்றும் தொழிற்கல்வி மாணவர்களுக்கு, செப்., 27ல்கவுன்சிலிங் துவங்கியது. இதுவரை இரண்டு சுற்று கவுன்சிலிங் முடிந்துள்ளது. முதல் சுற்றில், 11 ஆயிரத்து 224 பேர் இடங்களை தேர்வு செய்தனர். நேற்று முன்தினம் முடிந்த இரண்டாம் சுற்றில், 20 ஆயிரத்து 438 பேருக்கு இடங்கள் ஒதுக்கப்பட்டன. இதுவரை, 31 ஆயிரத்து 662 மாணவர்களுக்கு சேர்க்கை வழங்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.இரண்டாம் சுற்று கவுன்சிலிங்கின் முடிவில், அண்ணா பல்கலையின் மூன்று கல்லுாரிகள் உட்பட பெரும்பாலான முன்னணி கல்லுாரிகளில், 99 சதவீத இடங்கள் நிரம்பியுள்ளன.

வழக்கமாக அண்ணா பல்கலையின் தமிழ் வழி பிரிவில், சில இடங்கள் காலியாக இருக்கும். இந்த முறை தமிழ் வழி இடங்களும் நிரம்பியுள்ளன.3ம் சுற்றுக்கு இன்று உத்தேச ஒதுக்கீடு மூன்றாம் சுற்றில் பங்கேற்கும் மாணவர்களுக்கு, இன்று உத்தேச ஒதுக்கீடு வழங்கப்படுகிறது. நாளை மாலை 5:00 மணிக்குள் இந்த ஒதுக்கீட்டை மாணவர்கள் உறுதி செய்ய வேண்டும். நாளை மறுதினம் ஒதுக்கீட்டு ஆணை வழங்கப்படும். நான்காம் சுற்று மாணவர்களுக்கு, நாளையுடன் கவுன்சிலிங் வைப்பு தொகை செலுத்தும் அவகாசம் முடிகிறது. நாளை மறுதினம் முதல் கல்லுாரி மற்றும் பாடப் பிரிவுகளுக்கான விருப்ப பதிவு கவுன்சிலிங் துவங்க உள்ளது.

'மாஜி' துணைவேந்தர் சுரப்பா மீதான புகார் விசாரணை அறிக்கை வெளியிட கோரிக்கை

'மாஜி' துணைவேந்தர் சுரப்பா மீதான புகார் விசாரணை அறிக்கை வெளியிட கோரிக்கை

Added : அக் 10, 2021 23:33

சென்னை- --'அண்ணா பல்கலை முன்னாள் துணைவேந்தர் சுரப்பா மீதான விசாரணை அறிக்கையை, தமிழக அரசு வெளியிட வேண்டும்' என்ற கோரிக்கை எழுந்துள்ளது.

தமிழக அரசின் முக்கிய தொழில்நுட்ப கல்வி நிறுவனமாக அண்ணா பல்கலை செயல்பட்டு வருகிறது. இதில், துணைவேந்தர் மற்றும் பேராசிரியர்கள் நியமனங்கள், பதவி உயர்வு உள்ளிட்டவற்றில் புகார்கள் எழுவது வழக்கம்.தற்போதைய துணைவேந்தர் வேல்ராஜ், புதிதாக பேராசிரியர்கள் நியமனங்களை மேற்கொள்ள நடவடிக்கை மேற்கொண்டுள்ளார்.

அவருக்கு முன், பல்கலை துணை வேந்தராக கர்நாடக மாநிலத்தை சேர்ந்த பேராசிரியர் சுரப்பா பதவி வகித்தார். அவரது நிர்வாக சீரமைப்பு பணிகள் பல்வேறு விமர்சனத்துக்கு உள்ளாயின. தி.மு.க., உள்ளிட்ட கட்சிகள், சுரப்பாவின் நடவடிக்கைகளுக்கு எதிர்ப்பு தெரிவித்தன. அத்துடன், சுரப்பாவின் நிர்வாகத்தில், 200 கோடி ரூபாய் ஊழல் நடந்துள்ளதாக குற்றஞ்சாட்டி, தமிழக உயர் கல்வித்துறை சார்பில் விசாரணை கமிட்டி அமைக்கப்பட்டது.

ஓய்வு பெற்ற நீதிபதி கலையரசன் தலைமையிலான இந்த கமிட்டி, 2020 நவம்பர் முதல் எட்டு மாதங்களாக விசாரணை நடத்தி, இந்தாண்டு ஆகஸ்டில் தமிழக அரசிடம் அறிக்கை தாக்கல் செய்தது. இந்த அறிக்கை மீது, தமிழக அரசு இதுவரை எந்த நடவடிக்கையும் எடுக்கவில்லை. தற்போதைய முதல்வர் ஸ்டாலின், முந்தைய அ.தி.மு.க., ஆட்சியில் எதிர்க்கட்சி தலைவராக இருந்தார்.அப்போது, பல்வேறு பிரச்னைகளில் சுரப்பா மீது நடவடிக்கை எடுக்க வலியுறுத்தினார்.

தற்போது ஸ்டாலினே முதல்வராக உள்ள நிலையில், சுரப்பா மீதான விசாரணை அறிக்கை கிடப்பில் போடப்பட்டுள்ளது.இதுகுறித்து, பேராசிரியர்களும், கல்வியாளர்களும் கூறியதாவது: உயர் கல்வியில் 7.5 சதவீத இட ஒதுக்கீடு மற்றும் 'நீட்' தேர்வால் ஏற்பட்ட பாதிப்பு குறித்து ஆய்வு செய்ய, தமிழக அரசு அமைத்த நீதிபதிகள் முருகேசன் மற்றும் ஏ.கே.ராஜன் கமிட்டிகளின் அறிக்கைகள், பொதுமக்கள் பார்வைக்கு வெளியிடப்பட்டன. அதேபோல, சுரப்பா மீதான விசாரணை அறிக்கையையும், தமிழக அரசு தாமதமின்றி வெளியிட வேண்டும். விசாரணை அறிக்கையின் அடிப்படையில், அடுத்த கட்ட நடவடிக்கை மேற்கொள்ள வேண்டும்.இவ்வாறு அவர்கள் கூறினர்.

'ICAI Should Give Reasons For Its Decisions' : Supreme Court Sets Aside Recommendation To De-Register CA

'ICAI Should Give Reasons For Its Decisions' : Supreme Court Sets Aside Recommendation To De-Register CA: 'Giving of reasons ensures that a hearing is not rendered as a meaningless charade.'

S.125 CrPC- Father Not Absolved From Maintaining Children Merely Because Mother Is Also Earning: Delhi High Court

S.125 CrPC- Father Not Absolved From Maintaining Children Merely Because Mother Is Also Earning: Delhi High Court

Nupur Thapliyal

9 Oct 2021 2:15 PM

The Delhi High Court has observed that in households where women are working and are able to sufficiently maintain themselves, it does not automatically absolve the husband of his responsibility to provide sustenance for his children.

The observation was made in connection to revision of maintenance order passed by the High Court under Section 125 of CrPC.

Justice Subramonium Prasad observed that a mother cannot be burdened with the entire expenditure for raising and educating the children.

"A father has an equal duty to provide for his children and there cannot be a situation wherein it is only the mother who has to bear the burden of expenses for raising and educating the children...A father is bound to compensate the wife who, after spending on children, may hardly be left with anything to maintain herself," the Court remarked.

The maintenance order was also challenged on the ground that the grant of maintenance is maintainable so far as the concerned children have not attained majority. However, in the present case the child had completed 18 years of age.

The Court however held,

"This Court cannot shut its eyes to the reality that simply attaining majority does not translate into the understanding that the major son is earning sufficiently. At the age of 18, it can be safely assumed that the son is either graduating from 12th standard or is in his first year of college. More often than not, it does not place him in a position wherein he can earn to sustain or maintain himself. It further places the entire burden on the mother to bear the expenses of educating the children without any contribution from the father, and this Court cannot countenance such a situation."

Reliance was placed on the case of Chandrashekhar v. Swapnil and Anr., where the Supreme Court had upheld the arrangement to provide maintenance to the son until he completed his first degree course after high school so as to ensure that he becomes a self-supporting individual and can live in dignity.

The Court was dealing with a criminal review plea with regards to an order passed by it in terms of which it was directed that an interim maintenance of Rs. 15,000 per month will be given to the wife (revisionist) till her son completes his graduation or starts earning, whichever is earlier.

It was the case of the respondent husband that the order was outside the scope of the High Court as it could not have extended it for a period beyond the final adjudication of the case by the Trial Court.

"The context of Section 125 Cr.P.C. is to ensure that the wife and the children of the husband are not left in a state of destitution after the divorce. The husband must also carry the financial burden of making certain that his children are capable of attaining a position in society wherein they can sufficiently maintain themselves," the Court said.

It further opined that the father cannot be absolved of all the responsibilities and is bound to compensate the wife who, after spending on children, may hardly be left with anything to maintain herself.

"The mother cannot be burdened with the entire expenditure on the education of her son just because he has completed 18 years of age, and the father cannot be absolved of all responsibilities to meet the education expenses of his son because the son may have attained the age of majority, but may not be financially independent and could be incapable of sustaining himself," it added.

Accordingly, the plea was dismissed.

The Court had made similar observations recently wherein it had held that the obligation of a father to maintain his son under Section 125 of CrPC would not come to an end when the son attains the age of majority after reasoning that the entire burden of his education including other expenses would fall entirely upon the mother.

Case Title: URVASHI AGGARWAL & ORS. v. INDERPAUL AGGARWAL

Part-Time Employees Can't Seek Regularization As Matter Of Right Contrary To Govt's Regularization Policy: Supreme Court

Part-Time Employees Can't Seek Regularization As Matter Of Right Contrary To Govt's Regularization Policy: Supreme Court

Shruti Kakkar

10 Oct 2021 10:37 AM

The Supreme Court observed that part-time temporary employees in a Government-run institution cannot claim parity in salary with regular employees of the Government on the principle of equal pay for equal work.

The bench of Justices MR Shah and AS Bopanna in the present matter was dealing with an appeal filed by the Centre assailing order passed by the Punjab and Haryana High Court wherein the Court had directed the Centre to revisit the whole issue related to regularisation policy, complete the exercise to reformulate their regularization/absorption policy and take a decision to sanction the posts in a phased manner.

Bench while setting aside the High Court's judgement observed:

"Thus, as per the law laid down by this Court in the aforesaid decisions, part-time employees are not entitled to seek regularization as they are not working against any sanctioned post and there cannot be any permanent continuance of part-time temporary employees as held. The regularization can be only as per the regularization policy declared by the State/Government and nobody can claim the regularization as a matter of right dehors the regularization policy."

Factual Background

Respondents (working as contingent paid part-time Sweepers ) approached the Central Administrative Tribunal ("CAT") seeking directions to frame a regularization/absorption policy for regularization of their service.

The Tribunal on November 19, 1989, granted temporary status.

Opposing the OA, the department argued that the applicants were contingent paid Safaiwalas working for less than five hours and, therefore, were not entitled for temporary status. It was also averred that there was no regular sanctioned post of Safaiwala in that particular Post Office in Chandigarh.

The Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions (DoPT), Government of India on December 11, 2006, issued an OM declaring regularisation of qualified workers appointed against sanctioned posts in an irregular manner.

The Department also framed a regularisation policy as per which Union of India, the State Governments and their instrumentalities were directed to take steps to regularize as a one-time measure the services of such irregularly appointed, qualified persons, in terms of the statutory requirement of the Rules for the posts, who have worked for ten years or more in duly sanctioned posts but not under cover of orders of the courts or of tribunals.

Also Read - Supreme Court Weekly Round Up, October 4 To October 10, 2021

On January 17, 2007, CAT while dismissing the respondent's application observed that since the Department needed the continuous service of Safaiwalas, they should advertise this post to appoint regular Safaiwala through the proper process of selection positively within three months. The tribunal also directed for considering the respondents for such selection after providing age relaxation to them under the relevant rules keeping in view they working for so many years without interruption. Directions were also issued to allow the Respondents to continue performing their duties with present status as part-time.

Case Before High Court

The High Court directed the Centre to revisit the whole issue, complete the exercise to reformulate their regularization/absorption policy and take a decision to sanction the posts in a phased manner. Directions were also issued to Union for allowing the employees to continue in service with their current status till framing of the policy and to grant minimum basic pay of Group 'D' posts from a particular date to those, who have completed 20 years of part-time daily wage service

Aggrieved, the Centre approached the Top Court.

Counsel's Submissions

Appearing for the Union, ASG Madhvi Divan submitted that the directions issued by the High Court to sanction the posts could be said to be a policy decision, and, therefore, the High Court was not justified in issuing the Mandamus and/or direction to create and sanction the posts.

Emphasising on the fact that even the High Court had observed that there were no sanctioned posts in the impugned judgement, ASG submitted that High Court, in the exercise of jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, should not ordinarily issue direction for absorption, regularization or permanent continuance unless the recruitment was itself done regularly and in terms of the constitutional scheme.

Relying on the judgements in Union of India and Ors. Vs. A.S. Pillai and Ors., (2010) 13 SCC 448; State of Rajasthan and Ors. Vs. Daya Lal and Ors., (2011) 2 SCC 429 and Secretary, Ministry of Communications and Ors. Vs. Sakkubai and Anr. (1997) 11 SCC 224, ASG submitted that services of a part-time worker working on the post of a full-time worker cannot be regularized.

Referring to Dr. Ashwani Kumar Vs. Union of India and Anr., (2020) 13 SCC 581; State of Karnataka and Anr. Vs. Dr. Praveen Bhai Thogadia, (2004) 4 SCC 684; Anuradha Bhasin Vs. Union of India and Ors., (2020) 3 SCC 637; Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Vs. Krishan Gopal & Ors., (2020) SCC Online SC 150; State of Maharashtra & Anr. Vs. R.S. Bhonde & Ors., (2005) 6 SCC 751, ASG submitted that judicial review, a Court had no right to direct the Government to review the policy of appointment; in judicial review, the Court could not interfere in the administrative matters and that in the absence of a regular sanctioned post, the Court could not direct to create one.

Appearing for the respondents, Advocate Rahul Gupta on merits relied on the Top Court's judgement in Secretary, State of Karnataka & Ors. Vs. Umadevi (3) and Ors., (2006) 4 SCC 1 and Mineral Exploration Corpn. Employees' Union Vs. Mineral Exploration Corpn. Ltd. and Anr., (2006) 6 SCC 310.

Supreme Court's Analysis

Considering that the respondents served as part-time employees, were contingent paid staff and that there were no sanctioned posts in the Post Office where respondents were working, the bench in the judgement authored by Justice MR Shah observed that the High Court, under Article 226 of the Constitution cannot direct the Government and/or the Department to formulate a particular regularization policy.

"As observed above, there are no sanctioned posts in the Post Office in which the respondents were working, therefore, the directions issued by the High Court in the impugned judgment and order are not permissible in the judicial review under Article 226 of the Constitution. The High Court cannot, in the exercise of the power under Article 226, issue a Mandamus to direct the Department to sanction and create the posts. The High Court, in exercise of the powers under Article 226 of the Constitution, also cannot direct the Government and/or the Department to formulate a particular regularization policy. Framing of any scheme is no function of the Court and is the sole prerogative of the Government. Even the creation and/or sanction of the posts is also the sole prerogative of the Government and the High Court, in the exercise of the power under Article 226 of the Constitution, cannot issue Mandamus and/or direct to create and sanction the posts," Court said.

"Even the regularization policy to regularize the services of the employees working on the temporary status and/or casual labourers is a policy decision and in judicial review the Court cannot issue Mandamus and/or issue mandatory directions to do so," Bench further added.

Noting that the Union of India/Department subsequently came out with a regularization policy dated 30.06.2014, which was absolutely in consonance with the law laid down by this Court in the case of Umadevi (supra), which did not apply to the part-time workers who did not work on the sanctioned post, the bench said that,

"In absence of any sanctioned post and considering the fact that the respondents were serving as a contingent paid part-time Safai Karamcharies, even otherwise, they were not entitled for the benefit of regularization under the regularization policy dated June 30, 2014."

Case Title: Union of India and Ors v Ilmo Devi and Anr| Civil Appeal No 5689 of 2021

Coram: Justices MR Shah and AS Bopanna

Citation : LL 2021 SC 561